挑战与革新——面向21世纪的芬兰教育改革

Challenge and Innovation——A New Probe into Finnish Educational Reform towards the 21st Century

面对21世纪人才培养面临的挑战,芬兰的教育改革力图通过理念创新、方法创新和实践创新来解决本国教育面临的多层面的问题。在国家核心课程改革方面,芬兰倡导学生“跨界贯通”能力的培养,启用基于主题的“现象教学”,提升学生的跨学科分析和解决问题的综合能力;在信息技术与教学相融合上,芬兰探索和发展了基于信息和通信技术(ICT)的创新型学校,对传统的教学方式和学校管理模式进行了全新的变革。芬兰面向21世纪的教育改革为我国的基础教育改革提供了以下启示:应注重培养学生面向21世纪的关联性高阶能力,以主题式“现象教学”培养学生的贯通能力,利用信息技术实现教学方式的革新和管理模式的重构,构建多功能的网络教学与学习合作共同体。

Facing the new challenges brought by the economic globalization and the“knowledge economy”to education of talents in the 21st century,Finland has started a new round of educational reform in the field of comprehensive education since 2012,trying to solve the problems of national education which is confronted with multiple challenges through innovations in concept,method and practices of education.In the national core curriculum reform,Finland advocates the“cross-border”ability to cultivate the theme-based“phenomenon teaching”to enhance students’comprehensive ability in interdisciplinary analysis and problem-solving;in the integration of information technology and teaching,Finland has explored and developed the Innovative School Model(ISC)based on ICT through the construction of a national innovative education learning community“Innokas,”which has been involved in the reform of the traditional teaching methods and school management models.In the professional development of teachers,Finland is committed to cultivating new teachers with 21st century teaching capacity through the training of leading teachers and the construction of web-based teacher alliance.Finnish education reform for the 21st century has provided valuable experience for education reform and development of other countries in the world.