灾民的“大聚口”:从洛阳看全面抗战时期的灾荒救济——以1942—1943年河南省旱灾为例

“Large Gathering Center” for Victims of Famine: Relief for Famine in the Period of All-round Anti-Japanese War in Luoyang city——Taking the Example of the Drought in Henan Province from 1942 to 1943

在1942—1943年河南省旱灾中,灾民纷纷向洛阳聚集。洛阳社会各界通过向外界呼吁救灾、积极捐款捐物、发放赈粮赈款、分发收容难民、开展义诊与防疫、帮助灾民恢复生产等措施开展灾荒救济。从中体现出战时灾荒救济机制仍是完善的,但由于基层政治的腐败和战时环境的限制,救灾效果欠佳。

In the drought from 1942 to 1943 in Henan province,the disaster victims went to gather in Luoyang city to look for help from others.All sectors of Luoyang society participated in the drought relief through measures such as asking for relief from the outside world,actively donating money and materials,distributing the food and relief fund,receiving and housing the refugees,carrying out the free diagnosis and epidemic prevention,and helping the victims to resume their production etc.In this process we can see that the mechanism of disaster relief in the wartime was still complete,yet because of the corruption of grass-roots politics and the limitation of wartime environment, the effect of disaster relief is not good enough.