基于氟牙症流行特征的天津市12～14岁青少年口腔健康抽样调查分析

A sampling survey on oral health of 12-14-year-old adolescents in Tianjin based on the epidemiological characteristics of dental fluorosis

目的通过调查天津市氟牙症及相关口腔疾病流行情况,分析氟牙症对于天津市12~14岁青少年口腔健康状况的影响。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法进行抽样,数据收集采取口腔健康检查及问卷调查结合的方式。结果氟牙症患病率为43.7%,氟牙症指数为0.97,氟牙症轻度流行。乡镇地区氟牙症患病率为63.9%,氟牙症指数为1.47,氟牙症水平属于中度流行,调查结果显示城乡之间的差异具有统计学意义;天津市12~14岁青少年受检人群患龋率为33.5%,龋均为0.67,牙龈出血检出率为61.3%,牙石检出率为55%,氟牙症患者严重程度增加,龋失补牙(DMFT)指数增加,氟牙症受检者自身评价影响社交,露齿笑等受影响高于非氟牙症者。结论天津市氟牙症轻度流行,仍需要继续采取公共卫生措施控制水氟浓度,氟牙症受检人群龋齿患病率高,尤其表现在第一、第二恒磨牙;氟牙症在一定程度上影响青少年人际交往等方面,提示应加强氟牙症人群专业口腔健康预防措施,进一步研究适合氟牙症人群的口腔保健措施,促进口腔健康习惯的养成,提高口腔健康水平。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis and related oral diseases in Tianjin and analyse the influence of dental fluorosis on the oral health status of 12-14-year-old adolescents in Tianjin. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used for sampling. Data collection was combined with oral health examination and questionnaire survey. Results The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 43.7%, and the community index of dental fluorosis(CFI) was 0.97. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was mild. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in the urban area was 63.9%, and the CFI was 1.47. The level of dental fluorosis in the urban area was moderate, and a significant difference was noted between the urban and rural areas. The prevalence of dental caries was 33.5%, the decay missing filling tooth rate was 0.67, the gingival bleeding rate was 61.3% and the calculus rate was 55%. These rates of fluorosis were higher than those of non-fluorosis. The self-evaluation of fluorosis adolescents influenced social interaction, and teeth grinning was more affected than non-fluorosis. Conclusion The prevalence of dental fluorosis in Tianjin is mild, and public health measures are necessary to control the concentration of fluoride in water. The prevalence of dental caries is high, especially in the first and second permanent molars. Professional oral health prevention for fluorosis adolescents should be strengthened, and further actions on oral health promotion are necessary.