《庄子》“畸人”形象的审美特质及艺术影响

The Aesthetic Qualities of “Grotesque” Characters in Zhuangzi and Its Influence on Art

《庄子》中“畸人”形象代表了庄子审美视界中“丑”的意象,是其宇宙观和美学世界的主体和灵魂。“畸人”形象,启发了中国艺术“遗貌取神”的审美鉴赏方式,启导了中国艺术“残缺美”的美学思想及反形式主义文风的思潮,孵化出中国古典文艺中一种“极高古、极纯粹的”美学境界。“畸人”作为一个文化符号,对后世诗歌、戏曲、书法、绘画等艺术创作都产生了深远的影响。

“Grotesque”characters in Zhuangzi present the image of“ugliness”in the aesthetic filed of Zhuangzi,embodying his general view on the world and aesthetics.Images of“grotesque”characters introduce a way of aesthetic appreciation as“seizing the spirit instead of look”in Chinese art,leading to the aesthetic value of“misshaped beauty and anti-formalism”in thought.It creates a“highly elegant,simple and pure aesthetic”idea.As a cultural code,the image of“grotesque”characters has far-reaching influence on poem,opera,calligraphy and painting of later ages.