基于财政分权的地方政府科技投入库兹涅茨曲线效应研究——来自省级动态面板的系统GMM实证

Research on Kuznets Curve Effect of Local Government’s Investment in Science and Technology Based on Fiscal Decentralization: An Empirical Study of System GMM from Provincial Dynamic Panel

依据2007—2016年中国省级动态面板数据,采用系统GMM估计方法,实证探讨了财政收入分权和支出分权对地方政府科技投入影响的库兹涅茨曲线效应。结果表明:样本考察期内,财政收入分权和支出分权对地方政府科技投入的影响均具有显著的倒“U”形特征,省级财政分权度的提高,显著激励地方政府扩大科技投入规模,而迈过倒“U”形曲线拐点,财政分权对地方政府科技投入的正向激励作用消失,转为负向抑制。系列控制变量中,地区经济发展水平、对外开放程度、政府竞争对地方政府科技投入具有正向激励作用,但政府竞争的影响不显著;而上一年度政府科技投入水平和城镇化水平对地方政府科技投入具有负向抑制作用,但后者的影响不显著。采用财政自给率指标替换财政分权变量进行二次回归,显示研究结果具有良好的稳健性。研究结论可为重新划分央地政府科技投入责任,完善地方官员晋升考核标准,提高财政科技资金使用效率,加大对欠发达地区财政转移支付力度,推动地区间科技投入合作提供决策参考。

Based on the provincial dynamic panel data of China from 2007 to 2016,this paper empirically studies the Kuznets curve effect of fiscal revenue decentralization and expenditure decentralization on local government’s investment in science and technology using the systematic GMM estimation method.The results show that during the sample inspection period,the influence of the decentralization of fiscal revenue and the decentralization of expenditure on the investment of local government in science and technology has a significant inverted “U” type characteristic,that the increase of the provincial fiscal decentralization significantly encourages local governments to expand the scale of scientific and technological input,and strides over the turning point of the inverted “U” curve,and that the positive action of fiscal decentralization on the local government science and technology investment disappears and becomes negative suppression.In the series of control variables,the level of regional economic development,openness,and government competition have a positive effect on the investment of local government in science and technology,but the influence of government competition is not significant.However,last year level of governmental investment in science and technology and urbanization level have negative inhibitory effect on local government science and technology investment,but the impact of the latter is not significant.Using the index of fiscal self-sufficiency rate to replace fiscal decentralization variables for quadratic regression shows that the research results have good robustness.The research conclusions can provide decision-making reference for re-dividing the responsibilities of the central and local governments for science and technology investment,improving the criteria for the promotion and assessment of local officials,improving the efficiency of the use of financial funds for science and technology,increasing financial transfer payments to less developed regions,and promoting inter-regional cooperation in science and technology investment.