秦封泥与宫室苑囿研究

Study on Clay Sealing and the Palaces of Qin Dynasty

"封泥",又称泥封,是将印章按到泥上,用来作为实物和木制牍函封缄的凭证,是其时传送文件的保密措施之一。其使用自战国直至汉魏。晋以后,随着纸张、绢帛逐渐代替了竹木简书信的来往,才不再使用封泥。文献中关于秦封泥的记载甚少,20世纪90年代在西安西北郊汉长安城遗址上出土了大量秦封泥,且封泥中有不少是关于秦的宫殿苑囿方面的内容,这为我们研究秦的宫室苑囿提供了难得的第一手资料。

Clay sealing,also known as mud seal,is to press the seal onto the mud,which used as a voucher for physical and wooden envelopes and is one of the confidential measures for the transmission of documents at the time.It was used from the Warring States to the Han and Wei Dynasties.After the Jin Dynasty,paper and silk gradually replaced bamboo,the once letter communication material,the mud sealing was no longer used since then.There are very few records about clay sealing of Qin Dynasty in the literature.In the 1990s,a large amount of clay sealing of Qin were unearthed at the site of Han Chang'an City in the northwest suburbs of Xi'an,and many of the seals were about the palaces of Qin.This provides us with rare first-hand information for the study on Qin's Palace Court.