把儿童“领入世界”:阿伦特式教育思考

Introducing Children into the World: Arendtian’s View of Education

阿伦特将美国教育危机产生的直接原因归于“没有世界”——儿童看似被给予自主,但事实上他们与成人世界的联系被切断。相应地,成人没有承担好将儿童“领入世界”的角色,没有珍视过去的传统之于当下和未来的意义,没有教会儿童在“物之世界”中使用物质材料和精神材料进行言说和行动。在阿伦特看来,作为“领入者”的教师,应当站在新与旧、过去与未来之间,引出儿童的言说和行动,将儿童领入现世世界。由于儿童还不熟悉这个既有世界,出于对每一个学生崭新的、变革性的利益的考虑,教育必须是保守的。学校作为现世世界的建制代表,也应当重拾权威,珍视传统。

H. Arendt regards the crisis of education as a result of “having no world”. The education appears to foster children’s independence, but actually cuts off their connection to adults’ world. Correspondingly, adults fail to take their role to introduce children into the world, to value the meaning of tradition of past upon the present and future, to teach children to use physical and mental materials as tools for word and deed in a “world of things”. As “introducers”, teachers stand on the “in-between” of the old and new, and the past and future to elicit children’s word and deed and introduce children into the real world. Since children are not yet familiar with the established world, education must be conservative for the sake of the new and transformative interests of every single child. As representatives of the institutionalized world, schools should also recapture authority and cherish the tradition.