清末湖北省的留日军事教育——以张之洞督鄂时期为中心

Hubei Province’s Military Education in Japan in Late Qing Period: Centered on the Age of Zhang Zhidong’s Governing Hubei Province

湖广总督张之洞是清末留日军事教育的有力推动者。在光绪二十四年(1898)年底的第一次大规模官费赴日留学之前,他已开始自行筹划派遣以军事学生为主的留日学生。而在日方做出邀请之后,他顺势开始持续派遣大量留日军事学生。由于当时中国的新政事业迫切需要人才,留日军事学生往往被提前召回国内,未及深造。湖北的赴日军事留学开展较早,规模较大,毕业生成为他省督抚与练兵处竞相延揽的对象,引发激烈的人才争夺。在中日关系、军事改革和政治诸方面,湖北的留日军事教育皆产生了深远的影响。

Zhang Zhidong, the Viceroy of Huguang, was a prime facilitator of military education in Japan in late Qing period. Before the first batch of Chinese government-sponsored students was dispatched to Japan at the end of 1898, Zhang had drawn up his own plan focusing on sending students to Japan for military education. When being invited to dispatch students by Japanese government, he had been consistently dispatching a considerable number of military students to Japan. Because the urgent need for the military reform, these students were always recruited back to China in advance and lost the opportunity of advanced studies. Compared with many other provinces, the military education of Hubei province was developed early and large in scale. Therefore, graduates of Hubei became the target of competition for viceroys, governors and the Troop Training Department. Hubei’s military education in Japan had a profound effect on various aspects such as Sino-Japanese relationship, military reform and political situation.