上海市青浦区中小学生结核病健康教育干预效果评价

Evaluation on the Effect of Health Education Intervention on Tuberculosis Among Primary and Secondary School Students in Qingpu District of Shanghai

目的了解青浦区中小学生肺结核防治核心知识知晓率,评价不同健康教育形式的效果,为学校科学开展结核病防治提供参考依据。方法采取逐级分层整群抽样方法,在青浦区中小学校中随机抽取4所中学和4所小学,每个年级随机抽取一个班级,共1,116名学生,按年级分成4组进行干预。采用国内关于中小学肺结核防治知识的综合问卷进行调查。结果4种健康教育方式(发放材料自学、观看视频、主题班会、课堂教学)干预后总知晓率依次是59.75%、52.29%、71.99%、79.73%。4种方式健康教育干预后,一~三年级知晓率顺序依次是观看视频、课堂教学、主题班会、发放材料自学;四~五年级知晓率顺序依次是主题班会、发放材料自学、课堂教学、观看视频;六~九年级知晓率顺序依次是课堂教学、主题班会、发放材料自学、观看视频。四种方式健康教育干预前后的知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论青浦区中小学肺结核核心知识知晓率偏低;一~三年级学生采用观看视频健康教育形式效果较好;四~五年级采用主题班会健康教育形式效果较好;六~九年级采用课堂教学、主题班会健康教育形式效果更好。

Objective To grasp the awareness rate of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among primary and middle school students in Qingpu District, and evaluate the effect of students receiving different forms of health education to provide evidence for tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted. Four middle schools and four primary schools were randomly selected from the primary and secondary schools in Qingpu District. One class was randomly selected from each grade, a total of 1116 students, and were divided into four groups according to the grade. A comprehensive questionnaire survey on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in primary and secondary schools was adopted. Results The total awareness rate of the four health education methods (self-study materials, video watching, theme class meeting, classroom teaching) were 59.75%, 52.29%, 71.99%, and 79.73%. After four kinds of health education interventions, the order of awareness of 1-3 grades were followed by watching videos, classroom teaching, theme class meetings, and self-study materials. The order of awareness in 4-5 grades were followed by theme class meetings, self-study materials, classroom teaching, and video watching. The order of awareness rate in grades 6-9 were classroom teaching, theme class meeting, self-study of materials, and video watching. The difference of knowledge awareness rate before and after fpur kinds of health education interventions were statistically significant.(P<0.01). Conclusion The awareness rate of tuberculosis core knowledge of students in grades 1-9 in Qingpu District is low;the students in grades 1-3 are better at watching video health education;the form of health education in class 4-5 is better;it is better to adopt the form of classroom teaching and theme class meeting health education in grade 6-9.