美国数据与隐私安全保护制度进展述评

Review on the progress of data and privacy security protection system in the United States

美国目前已经有一整套联邦隐私相关法律来规范个人数据的收集和使用,用户财务、医疗健康、在线隐私成为美国数据与隐私安全保护的重要领域。Facebook数据泄露事件曝光之后,数据与隐私安全诉求与商业使用二者之紧张关系持续升级,加之欧盟《一般数据保护规则》(GDPR)的广泛影响,建立全美统一数据和隐私立法再次被推向高潮。与此同时,各州和各城市也在积极推进和完善自己的隐私数据保护政策。美国数据与隐私安全保护制度进展显示其重视个人信息收集、使用和披露,强调实施严格的数据与隐私立法和执法保护制度,规范数据控制者和处理者的义务成为美国应对新技术变革数据与隐私安全调整的重要举措。

At present, the United States has a set of federal privacy laws to regulate the collection and use of personal data. User finance, medical care and online privacy have become important fields of data and privacy security protection in the United States. After the exposure of the Facebook data breach, the relationship between data and privacy security claims and commercial use continued to escalate, coupled with the widespread influence of the European Union’s General Data Protection Rules (GDPR), the establishment of national unified data and privacy legislation was once again culminated. At the same time, states and cities are actively promoting and improving their privacy data protection policies. The progress of the US data and privacy protection system shows that it is important to the collection, use and disclosure of personal information, emphasizing the implementation of strict data and privacy legislation and law enforcement protection systems, regulating data controllers and processor obligations to become the important measures for the United States to respond to new technology change data and privacy security adjustment.