20世纪70年代初驻韩美军减撤与韩国“自救”政策探析

Analysis on the Strategy of Troop Withdrawing by American Forces and the Policy of Self-saving by South Korea in the Early 1970s

朝鲜战争停战后,美国开始对韩国实施减撤政策,在撤出大批作战部队的同时,着手推进韩国裁军计划,但受当时国际环境和朝鲜半岛局势制约,这种减缩政策并没有达到预期效果。伴随着尼克松主义的出台,美国进一步推进减撤驻韩美军计划,然而这一计划遭遇韩国的强烈反对,双方就此展开了艰难曲折的协商,最终美国强行从韩国减撤了部分驻军。这一行动使韩国陷入极度的安保焦虑之中,同时也激发了韩国强烈的自主意识,正是在这样的背景下,朴正熙政府采取了一系列“自救”政策,走向了经济“自立”、国防“自主”、外交“自强”道路。

After the Korean War, the United States began a strategy of troop withdrawing from South Korea. By withdrawing a large number of combat troops, it proceeded with the disarmament program, which didn’t work out as expected because of restriction by the international environment and the situation on the Korean peninsula. With the emergence of Nixon Doctrine, the United States carried forward this strategy further, which met with strong opposition from South Korea. Then the two sides began a series of difficult and tortuous negotiations, and the United States forcibly withdrew some of its troops from South Korea finally. This has left South Korea in a state of extreme anxiety on national security, as well as aroused a strong sense of autonomy. In this context, Park Chung-hee s administration adopted a series of self-saving policies to pursue economic independence, autonomous national defense and diplomatic self-improvement.