不同耕作方式对小麦光合性能和产量形成的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield Formation of Wheat

耕作方式是影响小麦产量水平发挥的关键因素,明确其对小麦农艺性状指标的影响,可为选择适宜该区域的高效耕作方式提供理论支撑。本试验设免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)、深松(DL)和深翻(DT)四种耕作方式,研究其对小麦光合性能与产量的影响。结果表明:免耕(NT)有利于小麦植株根重密度(DRWD)的增加,旋耕(RT)的小麦根重密度最小,两地区(德州和泰安)小麦免耕(NT)和旋耕(RT)处理的根重密度分别相差25.7%和21.7%,差异达显著水平;免耕(NT)处理的小麦叶绿素值(SPAD)最高,有助于灌浆后期叶片捕捉更多光能供光合作用所用,从而增加小麦产量;深松(DL)处理能够显著增加开花期叶面积指数(LAI=5.4),相反旋耕(RT)处理的开花期叶面积指数最小为3.6,两者相差33.3%,差异显著;两地区各耕作方式处理的小麦旗叶光合速率(Pn)表现为:NT﹥DL﹥RT、DT和NT、DL﹥DT﹥RT;泰安地区成熟期小麦干物质积累量免耕(NT)处理为22673.6kg/hm2,旋耕(RT)处理为18930.3kg/hm2,总体表现为NT﹥DL﹥DT﹥RT;从产量构成因素看,免耕(NT)和深松(DL)处理更有利于小麦栽培高效轻简方式的形成和产量的增加。

Tillage method is the key factor affecting wheat yield.The influence of tillage method on wheat agronomic indexes is clarified to provide theoretical supports for selecting efficient tillage method suitable for this region.Four tillage treatments were designed in this experiment as no-tillage(NT),rotational tillage(RT),deep loosing(DL)and deep tillage(DT).The results showed that NT treatment was beneficial to the increase of root weight density(DRWD)of wheat plants,while the DRWD under RT treatment was the lowest;their differences between Dezhou and Taian were 25.7%and 21.7%respectively,which reached significant level.The chlorophyll value(SPAD)under NT treatment was the highest,which was helpful for the leaves to capture more light energy for photosynthesis at later stage of filling,and thus increased the yield of wheat.DL treatment could significantly increase the leaf area index(LAI)at flowering stage up to 5.4,and that under RT treatment was the minimum as 3.6;the difference between them was 33.3%reaching significant level.The flag leaf photosynthetic rate(Pn)under different treatments showed as NT﹥DL﹥RT&DT and NT&DL﹥DT﹥RT in Dezhou and Taian respectively.The dry matter accumulation of mature wheat in Taian area was 22 673.6 kg/hm 2 under NT treatment and 18 930.3 kg/hm 2 under RT treatment,which showed NT﹥DL﹥DT﹥RT.From the yield components,it could be concluded that NT and DL treatments were more conducive to the formation of efficient and light cultivation and the increase of yield.