借用“平行宇宙”的算力——量子计算现状与展望

Borrowing the power of parallel universe:current status and prospects of quantum computing

量子力学自建立以来,被期待为未来技术进步的基石。目前,量子计算、量子信息处理、量子通信和量子测量等基于量子力学发展起来的技术备受关注。人们力图将理论的成果转化为应用,从而实现"第二次量子革命"。其中,量子计算机因其并行计算能力被证明一旦达到一定规模,其计算能力将远超传统计算机,甚至对目前广泛使用的传统加密算法产生威胁,也必将对社会各个领域产生深远的影响。文章从科普的角度介绍了量子计算的背景及原理,并基于发展现状对未来作了展望,最后探讨了量子计算与人工智能领域结合的可能性。

Since the establishment of quantum mechanics, it has been expected to be the cornerstone of future technological advancement. Quantum computing, quantum information processing, quantum communication, quantum measurement and other techniques based on quantum mechanics are currently the focus of attention. People are trying to transform the theoretical results into applications to achieve "the second quantum revolution". Among above quantum fields, the quantum computation has been proved that it has strong potential to beat the traditional computer once it exceeds a critical size due to its parallel computing ability. It even threatens the ordinary encryption algorithms that are widely used currently and further have a profound impact on various fields of society. In this article, we give a general introduction to the background and principle of quantum computing from the view of popularization of science, and propose the future of quantum computing based on the status quo of development. Finally, we give some comments on the possibility of combining quantum computing with artificial intelligence.