基于普通话失语库的命名性失语和健康人对照话语特征探析

Exploratory Analysis of Discourses in Subjects with Anomic Aphasia and Health Controls Based on Mandarin AphasiaBank

目的:以普通话失语库的健康成人语料为对照,分析命名性失语症患者在3种话语任务中的话语特征。方法:选取命名性失语症患者和健康成人分别为失语组和对照组各12例,2组受试者均进行简易精神状态(MMSE)和西方失语症成套测试(WAB)评估,收集单图描述、组图叙事和命题故事3种任务中的多媒体语料,应用计算机语言分析软件(CLAN)分析总句数、单词型话语均长(WMUL)、形次比移动均值(MATTR)、语速和命题密度5项参数,并对词性分布进行统计分析。结果:失语组MMSE评分和AQ明显低于对照组(P<0.05);方差分析显示组别和任务无交互作用,组别主效应中失语组WMUL、MATTR、语速、命题密度4个话语参数均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);任务主效应中,命题故事中的总句数和命题密度产出均高于单图描述和组图叙事(均P<0.05),且语速高于单图描述(P<0.05);t检验显示单图描述中失语组在WMLU、MATTR、语速和命题密度上均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),组图叙事中失语组在总句数、MATTR和语速上显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),命题故事中失语组在WMLU、MATTR和语速上显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);各任务的词类在2组间有不同的分布模式,失语组在组图叙事的名词、动词和副词产出都显著偏少,其单图描述的名词、代词和介词产出显著偏多,其命题故事的代词产出显著偏多而介词相反。结论:命名性失语的语速和词汇多样性在各任务中均低于对照组。基于健康成人对照可分析命名性失语者在不同任务中的词类分布特征,在汉语失语库基础上进行话语分析,可以为失语症评估和治疗提供新视角。

Objective: To explore the discourse characteristics of anomic aphasia compared with healthy adults across three discourse tasks based on Mandarin AphasiaBank. Methods: Multi-media samples of 12 anomic aphasia patients and 12 cognitively healthy adults across three discourse tasks (single picture, sequential pictures and story narrative) were collected from Mandarin AphasiaBank. Using CLAN, outcome measures included five discourse characteristic parameters (the number of utterances, mean length of utterance in words, lexical diversity using the moving average type-token ratio, words per minute and proposition density) and word category distributions across different discourse tasks. Results: MMSE scores and AQ scores in aphasia group were significantly lower than those in control group ( P < 0.05 ). A mixed ANOVA revealed that there was no interaction between the groups and the discourse tasks. On one hand, the main effect of groups showed that the output of the other four discourse parameters except the number of utterances from the anomic aphasia group was lower than that from the control group significantly. On the other hand, the main effect of tasks revealed that the proposition density and the number of utter ances in story narrative were both greater than those in single picture and sequential pictures;the words per minute in story narrative were greater than those in single picture. The proposition density in story natrative was greater than that in single pictrue and sequential pictures (both P < 0.05 ). In the single figure description, WMLU, MATTR and rate of speech and proproposition density in the aphasia group were significant ly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05 ). In the group narrative, the number of utterances, MATTR and rate of speech in the aphasia group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05 ). In the words per minrte, WMLU, MATTR and rate of speech in the aphasia group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05 ). The less MATTR and words per minute from the anomic aphasia group were found significantly in all three tasks than in the control group. Different discourse tasks had different distribution patterns of word categories between groups. For the anomic aphasia group, there were less nouns, verbs and adverbs significantly in the sequential pictures, more nouns, pronoun and preposition significantly in the single picture description, and more pronoun while less preposition significantly in the story narrative. Conclusions: For anomic aphasia group, the words per minute and lexical diversity were less than those in control group across different discourse tasks. The characteristics of word categories across different discourse tasks from patients of anomic aphasia could be analyzed comparing with the normal control group. There is a new perspective for evaluation and treatment of the aphasia across discourse analysis based on Mandarin AphasiaBank.