新中国果树科学研究70年——桃

Fruit scientific research in New China in the past 70 years:Peach

我国是桃及其多个近缘种的起源中心。新中国成立70年来,经过科技工作者广泛的资源考察,收集了国内外大量种质资源,培育了623个桃品种。依托有关单位建成了郑州、南京、北京3个国家桃种质资源圃。科研人员在栽培模式、整形修剪、科学施肥、花果管理、设施栽培、病虫害综合防控、采后贮藏加工等方面开展研究,取得了显著成果,为延长鲜果供应期、丰富果实类型、提升桃果品质提供了保障,支撑了我国桃产业的发展。今后的工作重点将围绕关键基因的挖掘定位、育种技术的创新、以及抗性、低需冷量、省工省力、适应机械操作品种等方面展开。通过优质、安全、高效的现代栽培技术以及采后技术的研发,为桃产业的可持续发展提供技术支撑。

China is the world center of peach and its wild relatives. In the last 70 years,investigation and collection on the natural resources have been carried out,three national peach germplasm repositories in Zhengzhou,Nanjing and Beijing have been established,and 623 new varieties have been bred.The research has been developed on cultivation mode,pruning,fertilization,flower and fruit management,protected cultivation,integrated control of pests and diseases,post-harvest storage and processing. Remarkable progress were achieved,which promoted the rapid development of peach industry in China and provided guarantee for prolonging fresh fruit supply period,enriching fruit types and improving the quality of peach. Future research will focus on mining and mapping of key regulatory gene,innovation of breeding technology,breeding new varieties for resistance,low chilling,labor-saving and mechanical operation,and research on efficient cultivation techniques and postharvest technology,to provide technical support for the sustainable development of peach industry.