新中国果树科学研究70年——枣

Fruit scientific research in New China in the past 70 years:Chinese jujube

枣是我国原产特色优势果树和栽培历史最为悠久的"五果"之一。新中国成立70年来,我国枣科研取得长足进步,推动了枣产业的跨越式发展。当前,我国枣产业正处于转型升级关键期,正在迈入高质量发展新时代,对科技支撑提出了更高要求。笔者在简要回顾我国枣生产科研历史基础上,分析了70年来我国枣科研的发展演变,并将其分为恢复发展期(1949—1978年)、加速发展期(1979—1999年)和全面发展期(2000—2019年)三个阶段;综述了70年来我国枣科研在10个方面(组学应用、种质资源、遗传育种、良种繁育、栽培技术、病虫防控、采后处理、营养加工、设施生产、技术标准)取得的标志性成果和重要进展;进而分析了枣科研发展趋势和面临的挑战,提出了今后枣科研的12项重点任务,可为今后枣业同行和相关人员提供借鉴参考。

Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is one of the five oldest cultivated fruit species in China with distinct advantages in the world. The researches on Chinese jujube have made a tremendous progress since the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949, which has accelerated greatly the development of jujube industry. At present, jujube industry in China has entered the critical transforming and upgrading period and new era of high quality development, which has a higher demand for scientific and technological supports. The present paper briefly reviewed and analyzed the research evolution and production history of Chinese jujube in China during the past 70 years, and divided the 70 years into 3 stages, i.e., recovery stage(1949-1978), accelerated development period(1979-1999),and comprehensive development period(2000-2019). The landmark achievements and important progress of research in 10 aspects(genome and omics application, germplasm, breeding, propagation, cultivation, pest control, postharvest, processing, protected production and technical standards) were summarized. 12 key research tasks in the future were put forwarded on the basis of profound analysis of new situations, new challenges and important problems faced by Chinese jujube production and research.The present paper provided references for the related researchers and organizations.