新中国果树科学研究70年——龙眼

Fruit scientific research in New China in the past 70 years:Longan

新中国成立70 a(年)以来,我国龙眼科学研究取得长足进展,在龙眼种质资源、遗传育种、采后生物学、生物技术等研究领域领跑国际同类研究。建立了国际上资源数量最多、类型最为丰富的国家级龙眼种质资源圃,杂交育种培育出有不同香气、留树保鲜期长、成熟期配套、优质丰产等优异性状的适宜轻简化栽培的系列新品种;利用新育成的不同熟期龙眼品种,结合催花技术和生态差异选择,在我国实现龙眼鲜果的周年供应;研发出了龙眼安全保鲜物流新技术;先后构建了龙眼的基因组草图和精细参考基因组图谱,促进龙眼基础研究进入了功能基因组学和分子育种研究时代。未来应进一步加强龙眼产业发展的基础研究与关键性技术的研发创新。

In the past 70 years since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)research has made a great progress. Chinese scientists are now taking the leading position in the world in research of longan germplasm resource collection,genetics and breeding,postharvest biology and biotechnology. Chinese researchers have set up the National Longan Germplasm Resource Nursery in Fuzhou,where the largest collection of longan germplasm in the world is housed.Using a cross breeding system,Chinese researchers have bred new varieties with valuable traits including different fragrances,prolonged hanging life,divergence in maturation period,high quality and high yield,and made significant improvements in longan agricultural production techniques. With the application of varieties of diverged maturation periods according to ecological variations,and with the assistance of longan flower forcing technology,commercial supplies of longan are available year-round in China. Chinese researchers have also developed technologies for food safety and freshness preservation,which is a vital part of longan logistics. In addition,the draft genome sequence and fine reference genome map of longan have been successfully constructed,which accelerates the basic research of longan functional genomics and molecular breeding. In the future,basic research and key technology development and innovation related to longan industry development is expected to be further strengthened.