叙事伦理:在冲突与融通中升华——评贾平凹长篇小说《山本》

Narrative Ethics: Sublimation in Conflict and Accommodation: Comments on Jia Pingwa′s Novel The Story in Qinling Mountains

叙事伦理将对作品伦理观念的分析约束在文本自身范围之内,它既充分给予那些在传统伦理批评中被忽视的叙事盲点以关切,又以理性逻辑为感性伦理分析的支撑,使自身成为伦理批评的可能之一。《山本》中贾平凹以叙事的错位展开文本书写,并通过人物的个人经验叙事进行伦理观念的建构,在种种法则与关系的异动中呈现伦理冲突,重置伦理秩序。文章认为,隐含于文本之中的齐物视角下"天我合一"的作家伦理观念是作品《山本》跳脱出历史革命叙事的窠臼,获取超越性精神价值的关键所在。

Narrative ethics constrains the analysis of ethical concepts of literary works within the scope of the text itself,which not only retains sufficient concerns to those narrative blindness ignored in traditional ethical criticism,but also takes rational logic as the support of perceptual ethical analysis,making itself one possibility of ethical criticism.In The Story in Qinling Mountains,Jia Pingwa writes the text with the dislocation of narration,and constructs the ethical concepts through the personal experience narration of the characters,presenting the ethical conflict and resetting the ethical order amid various laws and relationships.The paper holds that the author′s ethical concept of "the unity of the heaven and the self" from the perspective of equality of things implied in text is the key for The Story in Qinling Mountains to break away from the stereotype of historical revolutionary narration and obtain the transcendental spiritual value.