论晚清关学的多元走向——以柏景伟的学术思想为中心

On the Multiple Trends of Guan Xue in Late Qing Dynasty: Centering on Bai Jingwei′s Academic Thought

张载身后,关学的宗风和文化精神一直在传承,但在不同的历史人文语境下,关学或受程朱影响,或受陆王影响,形成了某些新的特征,开出了与理学、心学的不同学术路径。在晚清中国社会的转型期,以柏景伟为代表的沣西一系,却以回归张载的学术路线为主旨,成为"正传之关学",并与以贺瑞麟为代表的融合程朱理学之清麓一系、以刘光蕡为代表的融合阳明心学之烟霞一系,共同谱写了清末关学史上辉煌的一页。这是关学史上值得注意的一个现象。笔者认为探讨柏景伟及其沣西学系的学术特征,对厘清晚清关学学术的多元走向有着重要的学术史意义。以往学术界重清麓、烟霞二系而轻沣西一系的学术倾向,应予以纠正。

After the death of ZhangZai,the academic style and cultural spirit of Guan Xue have been inherited.However,in the different humanities contexts in history,Guan Xue,influenced by Cheng-Zhu or influenced by Lu-Wang,formed some new characteristics,and opened different academic directions of Li Xue and Xin Xue.However,in the transition period of the Chinese society in the late Qing Dynasty,the Fengxi School,represented by Bai Jingwei,returned to Zhang′s academic and became "the orthodox of Guan Xue".Bai Jingwei and Qinglu School represented by He Ruilin and Yanxia School represented by Liu Guangfen stand up and sound together,and jointly write a brilliant page in the history of Guan Xue in the late Qing Dynasty.This is a noteworthy phenomenon in the history of Guan Xue.Exploring the characteristics of Bai Jingwei′s thought has important academic significance for the clearing of the pluralistic trend of Guanzhong in late Qing Dynasty.In the past,the academic tendency of attaching importance to Qinglu School and Yanxia School and neglecting Fengxi School should be corrected.