基于乡村核心—边界理念的城郊渔村更新策略探究——以厦门市欧厝村更新规划为例

Research on the Renewal Strategy of Suburban Fishing Village Based on Rural Core-Boundary Concept——A Case Study of Oucuo Village in Xiamen

乡村振兴政策的提出强化了乡村规划的引导作用,为乡村建设和发展指明了方向.然而,尽管当前对于乡村规划实践的关注较多,但针对乡村规划理论的探索较少,导致乡村规划未能达到振兴乡村的目的,乡村规划更多地沦为一种市场资本单向往乡村渗透的扩张工具.本文将核心—边缘理论引入乡村规划理念的探索,提出强化核心、开放边界的乡村核心—边界理念,使乡村在保留特质的基础上适应时代发展.在实证研究方面,本文以厦门市欧厝村为例,将理论与实际案例相结合,在分析作业方式、文化认同、聚落形态三方面凸显的问题的基础上,以乡村核心—边界理念为指导,从产业、文化与空间三方面提出较为系统的振兴策略,为类似的村落规划与发展提供借鉴.

Facing the prominent contradiction of unbalanced development between urban and rural areas, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward the strategy of rural revitalization, pointing out the direction for future rural planning and development. Although there are many concerns about the practice of rural planning at present, the research in the field of rural planning in China started relatively late, and the exploration of the theory of rural planning is less. Lack of proper guidance of rural planning concept is one of the important reasons that rural planning practice fails to play the role of revitalizing the countryside. Rural planning has become an expansion tool for market capital to penetrate into the countryside unilaterally. In this paper, the core boundary theory has been applied to the exploration of the concept of rural planning. The theory explains how the urban core and marginal areas achieve the integration of regional space through the flow of factors and the adjustment of space in the unequal development relationship. At the same time, based on the core boundary theory, the urban spatial model(the egg space model) is proposed to strengthen the core and open boundary of the rural core boundary concept, and it also puts forward the optimization strategy for the outskirts of the countryside so that the village can be adapted to the development of the times on the basis of retaining the characteristics. In terms of macroscale urban-rural relations, the optimization of rural core boundary relations is to retain the core differences of rural areas and coordinate the economic relations, cultural influences, ecological structure and interaction between urban and rural areas. In the meso scale villages and surrounding environment, the optimization of the rural core boundary relationship is to preserve the core spatial characteristics of the village, and strengthen the social connection and the traffic connection with surrounding urban space. On the micro-scale perspective of villagers' identity, the optimization of the rural core boundary relationship is to retain the traditional identity of villagers, guide the diversification of villagers' identity, and enrich villagers' life skills. Being different from the theory of urban core boundary, the discussion at the rural level emphasizes how to distinguish the core and boundary elements in the planning process, rather than emphasizing how to promote the flow of elements and space transformation between them. At present, Oucuo village, a traditional fishing village, is facing the industrial problems of occupational groups and traditional fisheries. At the same time, the anglers in Oucuo village lost their self-identity. Then the cultural context of the fishing village was broken, the regional function was degraded, and the settlement form was alienated. Its characteristics gradually disappeared, and gradually it was surrounded by cities. This study takes the example of Oucuo village in Xiamen, with the guidance of the rural core boundary concept, and puts forward strategies based on analyzing the problems highlighted in the three aspects of operation mode, cultural identity and settlement pattern. In terms of industry, through the preservation of the characteristic production mode, the introduction of cultural entrepreneurship industry and the improvement of industrial chain, the fishing village economy would be combined with the modern urban industry, which would make Oucuo village be the main carrier of urban industrial diffusion. In terms of culture, anglers' identity can be improved by preserving traditional lifestyle and culture, expanding cultural activities and promoting cultural education. At the spatial level, taking the habitat of white dolphins and amphioxus, the fishery landscape and the traditional village texture as the core, the recovery and healthy development of the fishing village mentality can be realized through the integration of farmland, the restoration of water texture, the current situation of Darning, and the transformation of ecological park. Through the investigation of Oucuo fishing village, this study combines theory with practical cases, which will help improve the theory of rural planning, guide the practice of rural planning, and provide references for the revitalization of similar villages.