山河屯林业局红松阔叶混交林林分空间结构特征

Spatial Structure Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis Mixed Broad-leaved Forest in Shanhetun Forestry Bureau

林分结构是研究森林可持续经营与管理的理论依据,为获得红松阔叶混交林的林分结构特征,采用混交度、大小比、角尺度林分空间结构参数和单木竞争指数等方法对山河屯林业局红松阔叶混交林进行研究。结果表明:研究区域内优势树种主要为色木槭、榆树、水曲柳和红松等,占林木总株数的74.46%;优势树种的竞争指数较低(1.22~4.71),占据较多空间生态位;各样地混交度平均值为0.77,空间隔离程度较强;优势树种大小比数分布于0.38~0.71,表现为竞争均势,各样地大小比数出现频率相差不大;1~6号样地在平均角尺度值0.5出现的频率较高,分别为44.07%、55.56%、40.98%、45.24%、39.22%和63.16%,说明大部分林木的分布格局属于随机分布,较少林木的角尺度值为0.75和1,分布格局由随机状态向团状聚集状态过渡。综上所述,山河屯林业局红松阔叶混交林的树种组成丰富,空间隔离度高,林木整体处于竞争均势呈随机状态分布;优势树种以聚集分布为主,可采取适当经营管理措施以达到林分结构合理的目标。

Spatial structure is the theoretical basis for studying sustainable management of forests.The spatial structure of pinus koraiensis mixed broad-leaved forest was studied in Shanhetun forestry bureau by using mingling index,neighborhood comparison,angle index and competition index.The results showed that the dominant tree species were acer mono,ulmus pumila,fraxinus mandshurica and pinus koraiensis,etc.,with the percentage of 74.46% of the total quantity of trees.Dominant tree species occupied more spatial niche with lower competition indexes (1.22~4.71).The spatial isolation degree of trees in different plots was high,and the average mingling index was 0.77.The dominant tree species showed competitive equilibrium with the neighborhood comparison between 0.38~0.71,and little difference was founded in the frequency of the neighborhood comparison among different plots.The frequency of the mean angle indexes of six plots appeared higher on 0.5 than other angle indexes,with the frequency of 44.07%,55.56%,40.98%,45.24%,39.22% and 63.16%,and showed that most forest trees belonged to random distribution.A small number of trees were changed from random state to aggregate state with mean angle index of 0.75 and 1.In conclusion,the species composition of pinus koraiensis mixed broad-leaved forest was abundant and its spatial isolation degree was high,the whole forest was in a competitive equilibrium showing a random distribution;the dominant tree species were mainly clustered and distributed,and appropriate management measures should be taken to achieve the goal of rational stand structure.