基于空间句法的山区旅游型小城镇多尺度空间演变——以镇远古镇为例

Exploring the Multi-scale Spatial Evolution of Tourist Towns in Mountainous Areas by Spatial Syntax Method:A Case Study of Zhenyuan Ancient Town,China

探究山区旅游型小城镇的空间演变,对其空间保护及旅游开发有重要意义。本文以贵州镇远古镇为案例地,运用空间句法分析山区旅游型小城镇的空间特征与人类行为关系。从古城空间格局、旅游用地结构变化及古城内部区域特征探讨其整体空间演变过程。研究发现:(1)镇远古城空间呈现向西南和西北方向的放射状变化趋势,其扩展路径同时受到河流水系和山体等自然环境的影响。(2)镇远古城内人口逐步向外围疏散,游客不易识别商服用地空间;文物古迹用地的全局空间可达性不断增强,但其局部空间可达性减弱;居住用地便捷区域在拓扑距离较大时向全局集成度更高的交通干道转移,拓扑距离较小时则向区域内部局部集成度更高的区域转移,中等拓扑距离时居住中心向重要交通节点区域转移。(3)府城街道密度提升,但集成度提升不明显,智能度降低,这有助于传统街巷的保护,但不利于游客体验;卫城的交通和旅游资源优势使其集成度和智能度均有所提升,空间便捷程度较高,游客感知较好。本研究可为山区旅游型小城镇的保护与旅游开发提供一定的参考与借鉴。

From the perspectives of spatial protection and tourism development,it is important to explore the spatial evolution of small tourist towns located in mountainous areas of China. Taking Zhenyuan town,Qiandongnan,Guizhou province as a case study,in this research it used spatial syntax to analyze the relationship between spatial characteristics and people’s behavior in mountain tourist towns. Starting from the spatial pattern of the ancient city,this paper investigated structural changes in the geography of tourist destinations,regional characteristics inside the ancient city,and the whole spatial evolution process. The results were as follows:( 1) The geographical space of Zhenyuan ancient town demonstrated a radial change trend in the southwest and northwest directions and its expansion path was affected simultaneously by local natural environment, such as rivers and mountains.( 2) Zhenyuan ancient town had witnessed a gradual population outflow,making it difficult for tourists in identifying commercial tourism locations. There had been a global influence of cultural relics and monuments has been becoming more accessible,while local spaces were becoming less accessible. The convenient residential areas were making way for trunk roads with greater global integration when the topological distance was large. When the distance was small,the convenient residential areas were transferred to the areas with greater local integration within the region,and the residential center transferred to the area with pivotal traffic nodes at moderate topological distance.( 3) The density of Fucheng streets increased,but their integration has not obviously improved and their intelligibility has reduced,which facilitated the protection of traditional streets and lanes,but was not conducive to tourists’ experiences. The traffic and tourist resources of Weicheng have enhanced its integration and intelligibility,making local spaces more convenient and enriching tourists’ experiences. This study provides a reference for the heritages protection and development of tourism in small tourist towns in mountainous areas.