喀斯特高原峡谷区少数民族村寨空间分布格局及影响因素研究——以贵州省威宁县为例

Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Ethnic Villages in Karst Plateau Canyon Area:A Case Study of Weining County,Guizhou,China

民族村寨是少数民族地区的基础社区单元,其空间分布格局受自然、人文等诸因素的共同作用,研究民族村寨空间分布格局及其影响因素,对于村寨保护及区域乡村振兴具有重要意义。以威宁县统计资料和野外调查数据为基础,以当地133个民族村寨点为研究对象,基于Arc GIS 10. 2平台,运用核密度估计和全局空间聚类分析方法,综合分析威宁县民族村寨的空间分布格局及其形成机理。结果表明:(1)威宁县民族村寨呈现出“中部、西北部和东南部密集,东北部稀疏”的分布格局,在不同地貌区的分布表现为高中山区最多,高原面区次之,中中山河谷区最少的特征;(2)民族村寨的空间分布是海拔、地形起伏、坡度、坡向与水系等自然因素和历史文化、交通发展等社会历史因素共同作用的结果;(3)对地形、水源及道路因素进行定量分析,结果显示上述因素对民族村寨空间分布的影响程度不同,分别为:地形>水源>道路。研究结果可为威宁县及类似地区的民族村寨空间格局优化、乡村振兴提供参考。

Ethnic villages are basic community units in ethnic minority areas, whose spatial distribution pattern are influenced by factors such as nature and humanity. Understanding in the spatial distribution pattern and its influencing factors of ethnic villages has great significance for the protection and rural revitalization of villages. Based on ArcGIS10.2 platform, 133 local ethnic villages were collected as research samples in this study and methods including kernel density estimation and global spatial clustering analysis was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and formation mechanism of ethnic villages in Weining County with the statistical data and field survey data of Weining County. The results showed that:(1) The distribution pattern of ethnic villages in Weining County was "dense in the central, northwest and southeast, sparse in the northeast". The distribution of ethnic villages in different landform regions was that the most were in the senior high mountainous area, the plateau area took the second place and the least were in the junior high mountain river valley area;(2) The spatial distribution of ethnic villages was the result of combined action of natural factors such as altitude, topographic relief, slope, aspect and river system and social history factors including historic culture, history and transportation development;(3) Quantitative analysis of topography, waterhead and road factors showed that the above factors had different effects on the spatial distribution of ethnic villages, namely: topography > waterhead > road. The research results could provide reference for the optimization of spatial pattern and the rural revitalization of ethnic villages in Weining County and similar regions.