他汀类药物防治冠心病的价值及护理体会

Value and Nursing Experience of Statins in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

他汀类药物是羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A的还原酶抑制剂,具有调脂、抗血小板聚集、抗炎、改善血管内皮功能、稳定斑块等作用,其已被选为治疗高胆固醇脂血症及防治心脑血管疾病的主要药物。他汀类药物通过抑制胆固醇合成路径起到调脂的作用,同时还能促进患者体内加速清除低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。目前,临床上除了将他汀类药物应用于调脂外,还用于抗心力衰竭、抗心律失常、预防阿兹海默症、保护肾脏、辅助降压等。他汀类药物种类较多,包括阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、辛伐他汀等。他汀类药物不良反应主要有胃肠道反应、横纹肌溶解症、肝功能等,故服药期间应密切关注患者各项指标变化情况并给予相应措施。通过心理护理、健康教育等护理措施,可一定程度上缓解冠心病患者病情。

Statins are reductase inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A,which have effects of lipids regulation,anti-platelet aggregation,anti-inflammation,improvement of vascular endothelial function and stabilization of plaques.Statins have been selected as main drugs for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Statins regulate lipids by inhibiting the cholesterol synthesis pathway,and also promote accelerated clearance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients.At present,in addition to the application of statins to lipids regulation,statins are also used for anti-heart failure,anti-arrhythmia,prevention of Alzheimer’s disease,protection of kidney and auxiliary blood pressure reduction.There are many types of statins,including atorvastatin,rosuvastatin and simvastatin.The main adverse reactions of statins include gastrointestinal reactions,rhabdomyolysis and liver function.Therefore,it is necessary to closely monitor the indexes changes during medication so as to give appropriate measures.Psychological nursing,health education and other nursing measures can alleviate the disease condition of patients with coronary heart disease to some extent.