论美国诗人伊兹拉·庞德的反犹思想

A Probe Into American Poet Ezra Pound’s Anti-Semitism

庞德是一个具有极端的反犹思想的人,其反犹思想与他对高利贷的敌视态度有关,也与他根深蒂固的阳性崇拜思想和他对犹太教甚至整个希伯来文化的偏见和态度有关。在他的话语和思想中,犹太人代表着“负面原则”和“腐朽力量”。他认为犹太人是高利贷的源头,是阉割者和毁灭者的象征。他们既“没有生产能力”,又“违背生产力”,是西方堕落的根源。此外,庞德的反犹思想还带有深刻的社会历史印记,是那个时代的反犹思潮的一个缩影,也是西方反犹集体无意识的一种表现。

Ezra Pound, a modern American poet, is the one with strong anti-Semitism. His anti-Sem- itism is related not only to his hostility to usury, but also to his deeply-rooted phallocentrism, his attitude or prejudice to Judaism and Hebrew culture. In his discourse and ideology, Jews seem to be a symbol of “a negative principle”and “the power of putrefaction”. He thinks Jews are the origin of usury and they are the symbols of castrators and destroyers. They are both “ungenerative”and “anti-generative”. It is they that have caused the depravation of the West. Besides, Pound’s anti-Semitism also bears a profound social and historical imprint, which is a miniature of the anti-Semitic trend at that time and a manifestation of the col-lective unconsciousness of anti-Semitism in the West.