日本、韩国长期护理保险的经验借鉴及对中国的启示

On the Long-term Care Insurance of Japan and South Korea: Experience and Implications for China

随着我国人口老龄化日益严重和未富先老的现状,老年护理需求激增将给社会和家庭带来巨大的压力,迫切需要建立符合中国国情的长期护理保险制度。日本和韩国已先后建立了长期护理保险制度。日本、韩国和中国均位于东亚,三个国家的文化价值观念和生活习惯相似,家庭结构类似。对日本和韩国长期护理保险的经验借鉴有助于我国长期护理保险的建立和发展。本文对日本和韩国两个国家长期护理保险建立的背景及保障对象、资金来源、等级划分、服务内容等方面的经验进行研究。在结合我国长期护理保险试点现状的基础上提出适时出台相应的法律法规、以广覆盖为目标、完善多元化筹资渠道、以重度失能为给付条件、建立全国统一的评估标准和鼓励护理机构的发展等建议。

With the aging of population,the surge in the demand for aged care will bring tremendous pressure on society and families.It is urgent to establish a long-term care insurance system in line with China’s national conditions.Japan and South Korea have successively established their own longterm care insurance systems.Japan,South Korea and China are all located in East Asia.They have similar cultural values,living habits and family structure.The experience of long-term care insurance,which comes from Japan and South Korea,can help to establish China’s own system.Concerning studies two countries’ long-term care insurance,this paper studies their background,the insured,funding sources,grading,services,etc.Combined with China’s current situation,the authors propose to establish the corresponding laws,to target wide coverage,to improve finance channels,to pay for severe disability,to establish a national unified disability level and to encourage the development of nursing institutions.