论重复保险的适用范围和法律效力——以江某与某保险公司南平中心支公司人身保险合同纠纷上诉案为例

On the Applicable Scope and Legal Effect of Duplicate Insurance——taking the Case of Personal Insurance Contract Dispute between Jiang and the Nanping Central Branch of an Insurance Company as an Example

重复保险规定在《中华人民共和国保险法》的财产保险合同部分,体现了立法者对于重复保险仅适用于财产保险而不适用于人身保险的理念,理由在于重复保险的目的在于遵循损害填补原则,防止不当得利和道德风险,而人身无价,无法估算生命的保险价值,因此不存在保险金额超出保险价值的问题。重复保险以损害填补原则为法理基础,那么符合损害补偿性质的保险合同均应当可以适用重复保险,无论是人身保险合同还是财产保险合同。关于重复保险的法律效力,我国《保险法》第五十六条第二款采用的是比例分摊的模式,这样规定有可能使被保险人无法获得完全的赔偿,对保险人来说显得较为不利。建议采用连带责任赔偿方式,更加周全地保护被保险人的利益。

Duplicate insurance provisions in the Property Insurance Contracts section of the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China exemplify the concept that legislators apply only to property insurance and not to personal insurance for duplicate insurance. The reason is that the purpose of duplicate insurance is to follow the principle of damage compensation. To prevent unjust enrichment and moral hazard, and the person is invaluable, unable to estimate the insurance value of life, so there is no problem that the insurance amount exceeds the insurance value. Duplicate insurance is based on the principle of damage compensation. Therefore, insurance contracts that meet the nature of damage compensation should be applicable to duplicate insurance, whether it is a life insurance contract or a property insurance contract. With regard to the legal effect of duplicate insurance, the second paragraph of Article 56 of China's Insurance Law adopts a proportional allocation model. Such a provision may make it impossible for the insured to obtain complete compensation, which is unfavorable to the insurer. It is recommended to use joint liability compensation to protect the interests of the insured more comprehensively.