全球铟矿资源供需现状与我国开发利用建议

Current Status of Supply and Demand of Global Indium Mineral Resources and Suggestions for Development and Utilization in China

铟作为稀散金属在地壳中含量极低,但资源储量和产量分布极为集中。铟在战略性新兴产业发展中具有极为重要的作用,是平板显示、电子半导体和光伏等产业不可或缺的原料,使其成为世界各国关注的热点。全球的铟矿资源集中分布在中国、玻利维亚、俄罗斯等国。日韩美是最重要的铟消费国,也是我国原生铟的主要进口国。铟是我国的优势矿产资源,原生铟产量长期居世界首位,但国内二次回收和下游应用产业尚处于初级阶段,国内铟产量与消费量不平衡,长期处于供过于求状态。当前国内平板显示和光伏产业发展迅速,ITO靶材制造技术不断取得突破,未来我国将可能会成为铟纯进口国,应大力发展国内再生铟产业,建立健全铟储备机制,并加强与境外重要资源国的产能合作,保障国内新兴产业发展的资源需求。

Indium has precious little reserves in the earthcrust as a scattered metal, and has characteristics of extremely concentrated reserves and production. Indium plays an extremely important role in the development of strategic emerging industries. As an indispensable raw material for flat panel display, electronic semiconductor and photovoltaic industries, indium has become the focused issue of many countries. The global indium mineral resources are concentrated in a few countries such as China, Bolivia, and Russia. Japan, Republic of Korea and the United States are the most important indium consumers and the major importers of China’s native indium. Indium is a superior mineral resource in, and China has been the biggest primary indium production country in the world for many years. However, the secondary recycling and downstream application industries are still in the initial stage, domestic indium production and consumption are unbalanced, and the supply exceeds demand for a long time. At present, the domestic industries of flat-panel and photovoltaic are developing rapidly, and indium-tin oxide (ITO) manufacturing technology has been making breakthroughs continuously, China will become a pure importer of indium in the future. It is recommended to vigorously develop the domestic recycled indium industry, establish the indium reserve mechanism, and strengthen the capacity cooperation with other important resource countries to ensure the domestic resource demand for the development of strategic emerging industries.