全球钴矿资源现状及开发利用趋势

Global Cobalt Resources Status and Exploitation Trends

钴是重要的新能源材料,在现代工业发展中有许多不可替代的用途。美国和欧盟都将钴列入了影响国家和地区安全及未来经济发展的关键矿物和材料清单。介绍了全球钴矿资源和开发利用现状,并对钴矿资源的供需状况和价格变化趋势等进行了分析。全球陆地钴矿资源分布极不均衡,全球陆地探明总储量80%以上分布在刚果(金)、澳大利亚、古巴、赞比亚、菲律宾、加拿大和俄罗斯等少数几个国家。钴很少独立成矿,多作为铜、镍和铁等矿种的伴生金属产出。近年来,电动汽车快速发展导致钴需求增长,2018年全球钴矿产量增长到13.56万t,钴期货价格最高达到9.48万美元/t。2019年全球钴矿市场出现过剩,价格下跌,但按照全球各国新能源汽车发展规划,全球钴矿长期供给面临短缺的可能。

Cobalt is an important material for new energy. It has many irreplaceable uses in the development of modern industry. Both the United States and the European Union have included cobalt in the list of key minerals and materials affecting national and regional security and future economic development. This paper introduces the current situation of global cobalt resources and their application. The supply and demand situation and price trend of cobalt resources were analyzed. The distribution of global terrestrial cobalt resources is uneven. Over 80% of the global terrestrial cobalt resources were distributed in a few countries, such as Congo (DRC), Australia, Cuba, Zambia, Philippines, Canada and Russia. Cobalt is seldom mineralized independently, and mostly occurs as associated metals of copper, nickel and iron ores. In recent years, the rapid development of electric vehicles has led to the growth of cobalt demand. In 2018, the cobalt mineral production increased to 135 600 tons. The cobalt price reached to 94 800 dollars per ton. In 2019, the global cobalt mine market was in excess and the price fell. However, according to the new energy vehicle development plan of the world’s countries, the global cobalt mine faces the possibility of long-term shortage.