我国稀土资源现状及选矿技术进展

Review on Rare Earth Resources and Its Mineral Processing Technology in China

我国稀土矿主要分为矿物型稀土矿和风化型稀土矿。前者主要分布在北方,以轻稀土配分为主,多采用浮选法回收稀土。风化型稀土矿主要产于我国南方,以中重稀土配分为主,工业上主要以铵盐浸取获得稀土。目前,矿物型稀土矿生产过程中存在浮选药剂选择性差与回收率不高的问题。风化型稀土矿则面临着氨氮废水污染的问题。综述了我国这两种典型矿产的特征和选别工艺,从回收工艺和绿色药剂两方面对两种矿物的绿色开发研究进展与发展趋势进行了介绍,展望了未来高效清洁技术的发展方向。

Chinese rare earth minerals are divided into mineral type rare earth ores and weathering type rare earth ores. The former is mostly distributed in the north and its rare earth partitioning mainly chooses light rare earths. Flotation is the main method of utilization for mineral type rare earth ores in industry. The weathering type rare earth ores rich in middle and heavy rare earth is mainly produced in the south of China, which is usually recovered by ammonium salt through the chemical leaching technology. At present, the poor selectivity of flotation reagents and the low recovery of flotation process become the serious problem in industry. Due to the application of ammonia salt as leaching agent, ammonia pollution needs to be solved in the process of weathered crust rare earth ores. In this study, the properties of this two typical rare earth ores and the recovery technology were summarized. The research progress and development trend of green development for the two kinds of minerals are introduced from two aspects including recovery technology and green reagents. The development direction of efficient and clean technology for rare earth ores in the future is also predicted.