西藏鱼类寄生虫区系研究现状与影响因素分析

Current situations in fauna of fish parasite in Tibet and its potential impact factors

西藏水资源丰富,鱼类进化与青藏高原隆起、自然环境隔离演变息息相关,与鱼类和水环境密切相关的鱼类寄生虫区系也逐渐引起关注和重视。初步的研究显示,尽管西藏鱼类种类单一,但鱼类消化道寄生蠕虫种类较多,显示较高的多样性,而且发现了一些裂腹鱼特有的复殖吸虫和棘头虫种类,以及一些以鸟类为终末宿主的线虫和绦虫种类。西藏特有的放生习俗和候鸟迁徙现象,水电工程兴建和水体污染现状,以及土著鱼类资源量下降和青藏高原气候变化等因素,都有可能影响西藏鱼类寄生虫区系的组成与演变。寄生虫区系调查可为该地区鱼类寄生虫的种类、分布和数量提供详细的数据,进而了解寄生虫的形成与演变过程,弄清环境与寄生虫多样性的关系,为西藏渔业资源的开发与利用提供科学依据。本文对上述问题进行了总结和论述。

Tibet is rich in water resources. Fish evolution is closely related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of natural environment isolation. Fish parasite fauna closely related to fish and water environment has also gradually attracted attention. Preliminary studies have shown that although the species of fish in Tibet are single, there are many species of parasitic worms in the digestive tract of fish, showing a high diversity. Some species of Clonorchis and Echinococcus endemic to schizophrenia, as well as some species of threadworms and tapeworms with birds as their final hosts have been found. The composition and evolution of fish parasite fauna in Tibet may be affected by the unique releasing habits and migratory bird migration, the construction of hydropower projects and the status of water pollution, as well as the decline of indigenous fish resources and climate change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The investigation of parasite fauna can provide detailed data for the species, distribution and quantity of fish parasites in this area, further understand the formation and evolution process of parasites, clarify the relationship between environment and parasite diversity, and provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of fishery resources in Tibet. In this paper, the above problems are summarized and discussed.