宅基地上“小产权房”问题的法律解决途径——基于宅基地使用权能的重新设计

The Legal Approach to Solve the Problem of “Housing with Incomplete Ownership” on Rural Residential Land——Redesigning the Right of Utilizing the Residential Land

宅基地上“小产权房”问题由来已久,法制条件下的合法性危机只是表面问题,实质上反映出宅基地使用权制度出现制度危机。一方面表现出宅基地使用权制度的非制度化现象,另一方面表现出宅基地使用权制度的内在局限。当前,现行社会基础和法律框架具备改革的可行性基础。在乡村振兴战略的大背景下,宅基地“三权”分置政策需要通过立法形成现实有效的权利制度。总体而言,需进行适度流通化的权能设计,按照财产权机制进行收益权权能和处分权权能设计,其中处分权权能适宜采取市场化与非市场化方案。

"Housing with incomplete ownership" on rural residential land has long been problematic. Under the rule of law,the legitimacy crisis is only superficial,but the problem virtually reflects the institutional crisis of the usufructary right system on residential land-its noninstitutional tendency and its internal limitations. Currently the social foundation and legal framework has laid the feasible basis for the reform of the system. Under the general background of the strategy to revitalize the countryside,the residential land’s"three rights"separation policy need to become an effective system of rights through legislation. In general,there is the need to design the right to appropriately circulate the land,that is,in accordance with the property right mechanism,to design the beneficial right and the disposing right,and the disposing right can adopt both the market and non-market schemes.