极北鲵蝌蚪期生长发育规律的研究

A study on the tadpole growth and development of Salamandrella keyserlingii

对安图境内的极北鲵卵袋与黑龙江林蛙卵团进行人工采集及孵化,将黑龙江林蛙预设为极北鲵的唯一天敌。通过设置不同密度的天敌与极北鲵蝌蚪进行混合饲养试验,研究黑龙江林蛙蝌蚪通过捕食和竞争影响极北鲵蝌蚪的生长发育规律;探讨极北鲵蝌蚪在不同天敌密度条件下的生长发育规律及极北鲵蝌蚪期生长发育规律与天敌密度二者的相关性。结果显示:极北鲵在蝌蚪期的生长发育与天敌密度呈负相关,在人为将黑龙江林蛙蝌蚪作为极北鲵蝌蚪唯一天敌的情况下,天敌比例为25.0%时影响不显著;天敌比例为50.0%时影响显著;天敌比例为75.0%时影响极显著。极北鲵蝌蚪40日龄后,因天敌逐渐变态,对极北鲵蝌蚪影响的强度逐渐减弱。天敌对极北鲵蝌蚪捕食造成对其存活率降低的影响是不可逆的,同时还造成极北鲵蝌蚪变态期的延后。

The eggs of Salamandrella keyserlingii and natural enemies in Antu were collected and incubated manually. It is assumed that the Rana amurensis is the only natural enemy of the Salamandrella keyserlingii. The effects of predation and competition on the growth and development of Salamandrella keyserlingii were studied by mixed feeding of Salamandrella keyserlingii and natural enemies in different densities. The growth and development of Salamandrella keyserlingii at different natural enemy densities and the correlation between the growth and development of Salamandrella keyserlingii at different natural enemy densities were studied. The results are as follows:The growth and development of Salamandrella keyserlingii in tadpole period was negatively correlated with the natural enemy density, the impact is not significant when the ratio of natural enemies is 25.0%;the impact is significant when the ratio of natural enemies is 50.0%;the impact is extremely significant when the ratio of natural enemies is 75.0%. The Salamandrella keyserlingii tadpoles after 40 days of age, because of the natural enemies gradually metamorphosis, the effect of the Salamandrella keyserlingii tadpoles was gradually weakened. The effect of Natural enemies on the survival rate of the predators of the Salamandrella keyserlingii was significantly irreversible,at the same time also caused the Salamandrella keyserlingii tadpoles metamorphosis of the delay.