后物质主义价值观与主观幸福——从发展理论到发展策略的意义呈现

Post-Materialist Values and Subjective Well-being Reflected in the Development Theory and Development Strategies

在以往的社会科学理论视域中,财富增长是提高人的主观幸福的最强力机制。“世界价值观调查”结果揭示,在一个国家,当经济增长处于初期阶段,人们的收入数量与其主观幸福之间的正相关性非常强。然而,当超过一定界限之后,这种相关性就会减弱乃至消失。后物质主义价值观研究结果的最重要启示在于,经济增长到一定程度之后,财富数量的增加仅只是可能带来人的主观幸福提升的次要因素,而经济因素之外的社会因素和精神因素对于提升主观幸福将会起主导性作用。后物质主义价值观与主观幸福之间这种发展理论意义上的相关性,应作为后发优势的一种重要体现受到重视,应在发展规划、发展政策和发展实践当中加以充分体现。

In the previous view of social sciences, wealth growth is the most powerful mechanism for improving the people s subjective well-being. World Values Survey has revealed that when the economic growth of a country is in its infancy, there is a strong positive correlation between the people s income and their subjective well-being. Once crossing a certain threshold, this correlation will diminish or even disappear. The most important revelation of the research on post-materialist values is that after a certain degree of economic growth, an increase in wealth is only a secondary factor that may lead to an increase in subjective well-being, because social and spiritual factors will play a dominant role in promoting subjective well-being. The significance of development theory revealing the correlation between post-materialist values and subjective well-being should especially be valued as an important manifestation of the advantage of late development, and fully reflected in development planning, policies and practices.