俄罗斯先锋主义的本土特色

The Native Characteristics of Russian Avant-garde

俄罗斯先锋主义的形成和发展是一系列因素综合作用的结果,其中既有西欧先锋主义运动的影响,也有国内社会历史条件的孕育和激发,更有民族文化传统和民族心理特质的决定性作用。关于俄罗斯先锋主义形成的国际背景和国内社会历史条件已经有很多论述,大致将俄罗斯先锋主义定性为一种与传统决裂、彻底另起炉灶的全新艺术门类。我们通过研究发现,俄罗斯的先锋主义之所以取之于西方却又超越西方并能引领西方先锋艺术,在很大程度上归因于俄罗斯的民族文化传统和独有的民族心理和思维方式。本文依据别尔嘉耶夫论俄罗斯民族心理特质的几个要点,即虚无主义、极端主义、自我矛盾和难于定型性,试图揭示民族文化因素在俄罗斯先锋主义形成和发展中的决定性作用。

The formation and development of Russian avant-garde is the result of a series of factors, including the influence of the Western European avant-garde movement, the nurturing and stimulation of social and historical conditions in Russia, and the decisive role of national cultural traditions and national psychological characteristics. There has been a lot of discussion about the international background of the formation of Russian avant-garde and the historical conditions of the domestic society. It roughly defines Russian avant-garde as a new art category that breaks with the tradition and completely starts all over again. The study found that the reason why Russian avant-garde is based on the West but surpasses the West and can lead the Western avant-garde art is that largely attributed to the Russian national cultural tradition and the unique national psychology and way of thinking. This paper attempts to reveal the decisive role of national cultural factors in the formation and development of Russian avant-garde, based on Berdyaev’s views on the characteristics of Russian national psychology, namely nihilism, maximalism, self-contradiction and difficulty in stereotyping.