头孢洛宁乳房注入剂防治干乳期奶牛乳腺炎的药效学研究

The Efficacy of cephalonium intramammary infusion for the treatment of bovine mastitis during the dry period

为了探讨头孢洛宁乳房注入剂对干乳期乳腺炎的防治作用,本研究采用微量稀释法测定比较了头孢洛宁、头孢匹林、阿莫西林和氯唑西林对乳腺炎病原菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、停乳链球菌、无乳链球菌)的体外抗菌活性;并且,随机选择 60头进入干乳期的临床健康奶牛,在最后一次挤奶后每头牛的每个乳区分别灌注一管受试药物或对照药物(氨苄西林-苄星氯唑西林乳房注入剂)。对入选的每头奶牛分别在干奶前、以及产后1、3、5d,采集每个乳区的乳样进行体细胞计数和细菌学检查。在药物处理后至产后14d 内,每天对受试动物进行临床型乳腺炎检查。结果显示,头孢洛宁、头孢匹林、阿莫西林、氯唑西林对分离自奶牛乳腺炎的大肠杆菌 MIC50分别为 4、8、8μg/mL >128 μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的 MIC50分别为 0.125、0.25、2、1 μg/mL;对乳房链球菌的 MIC50分别为 4、8、16、128 μg/mL;对停乳链球菌的 MIC50分别为 8、8、8、128 μg/mL;对无乳链球菌 MIC50分别为 0.25、4、0.25、32 μg/mL。临床药学研究显示,头孢洛宁乳房注入剂对于乳期奶牛乳腺炎具有良好的防治效果,对不同细菌感染治愈率介于 66.6%~100%之间,新感染发生率低于 8.3%。在治愈率、新感染率及细菌学清除率方面和对照药物(氨苄西林-苄星氯唑西林乳房注入剂)相比均无显著性差异。表明头孢洛宁对引起奶牛乳腺炎的主要病原菌均具有良好的抗菌活性,干乳期奶牛每乳区灌注一管 250mg 的头孢洛宁干乳期乳房注入剂能有效治疗干乳期隐性乳腺炎和预防新的乳腺炎感染。

To evaluate the efficacy of cephalonium intramammary infusion for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis during the dry period, the MICs of cephalonium, cephapirin, amoxicillin and cloxacillin against five common pathogenic germs in cow mastitis(streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus dysgalactiae) were determined. Sixty healthy dry cows were used to study the clinical efficacy. After the last milking, every mammary area was perfused by cephalonium intramammary infusion or the control drug(ampicilin-cloxacillin benzathine intramammary infusion). Before dry milk, and 1, 3, 5 days after delivery of the cows, somatic cell count(SCC) and bacteria isolation of milk samples from every udder were examined. The results showed that the in vitro antibacterial activity of cephalonium against the five common pathogenic germs in cow mastitis were much better than amoxicillin and cloxacillin with MIC50 of 4, 4, 8, 0.25, and 0.125 against Escherichia coli, streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus dysgalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The MIC results of cephapirin was similar to that of cephalonium. The cure rates of cephalonium against the five bacteria were ranging from 66.7% to 100%;the new infection rate was lower than 8.3%. The clinical effectiveness of cephalonium showed no difference to the positive control group in cure rate, new infection rate and bacteria clearance. A dose of 250 mg cephalonium intramammary infusion for each mammary area in dry period is effective to cure and prevent the subclinical mastitis of the dry cows.