明代寺院经济研究——以南京八大寺公田租税纠纷与诉讼为中心的考察

A Study of the Economics of Temples in the Ming Dynasty:Based on the Case Study of the Disputes and Litigation of the Taxation of the Bada Temple in Nanjing

明代南京八大寺作为国家寺院,经历了明前期皇权保护与寺院经济强盛、明中后期税增租减与寺院经济萎缩、明后期清田定租与寺院经济恢复和发展的变化过程,其间曾爆发多次经济纠纷与诉讼,八大寺甚至陷入"寺废僧穷"、寺院经济衰微的境地。八大寺寺田纠纷与诉讼以及寺院经济,一方面代表和反映了明代南京寺院经济的皇权强力护持的国家寺院经济特色和强盛状况,另一方面可以窥见整体上明代南京寺院经济衰微景象。

The Bada Temple in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty was one of the national monasteries and a large landlord. The Bada Temple experienced the process of imperial protection in the early Ming Dynasty,the economic prosperity of the temple,the tax increase and decrease in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the shrinking of the temple economy,the fixed rents of land in the late Ming Dynasty and the economic recovery and development of the temple. During these periods,there were many economic disputes and litigations. The Bada Temple even fell into the situation where the temple was depleted and the temple economy fell into great depression. The disputes and litigations of the Bada Temple and the monastic economy represent and reflect the economic characteristics and prosperity of the national monasteries that are strongly protected by the imperial power in the Ming Dynasty. On the other hand,readers are supposed to have a glimpse of the monastic economy in the Ming Dynasty through the particular declining economy of Nanjing Temples.