近视性黄斑病变研究进展

Updates of myopic maculopathy

病理性近视性黄斑病的并发症是视力损害和失明的主要原因,尤其是在东亚地区。尽管这一定义很重要,但其定义并不一致。为了规范流行病学研究中的定义,最近提出了一种修订的近视性黄斑病分类体系。在这一简化系统(Meta-PM分类)中,近视性黄斑病变可分为5类:“无近视性视网膜改变”(0类)、“豹纹状眼底”(1类)、“弥漫性脉络膜视网膜萎缩”(2类)、“片状脉络膜视网膜萎缩”(3类)、“黄斑萎缩”(4类)。在这些类别中增加了三个额外的特征,并被列为“附加标志”:(1)漆裂纹,(2)近视CNV,(3)Fuchs斑。本文将围绕这一分类方法及相关的发病机制进行综述。

Complications from pathologic myopic maculopathy are a major cause of visual impairment and blindness, especially in east Asia. Despite its importance, the definition has been inconsistent. Recently a revised classification system for myopic maculopathy has been proposed to standardize the definition among epidemiological studies. In this simplified system (META-PM classification), myopic maculopathy lesions are categorized into 5 categories from “no myopic retinal lesions”(Category 0),“tessellated fundus only”(Category 1),“diffuse chorioretinal atrophy”(Category 2),“patchy chorioretinal atrophy”(category 3), to “macular atrophy”(Category 4). Three additional features were added to these categories and were included as “plus signs”:(1) lacquer cracks,(2) myopic CNV, and (3) Fuchs spot. The review article will focus on this classification method and related pathogenesis.