社区治理创新类型及动因研究——基于“中国社区治理创新奖”的多案例研究

Types and Causes of Community Governance Innovation:Multi-case Study Based on “China Community Governance Innovation Award”

近年来,国家对社区治理给予高度重视,不断出台相关政策,为社区治理创新提供了良好的政策环境。在对民政部组织评选的2013-2015年三届共55项社区治理创新案例进行整理的基础上,以理性选择制度主义和制度变迁动力理论的部分内容作为理论基础,构建理论框架和社区治理创新动因的分析框架。按照间接动因以及收益的类型,将社区治理创新分为压力传导型、法治保障型、需求回应型、矛盾回应型、居民推动型和技术驱动型六类,并从直接动因和间接动因两个角度分析推动社区治理创新的相关因素,其中直接动因包括地方政府竞争带来的压力和财政投入的增大,以及社区治理创新能够满足社区居民日益多元化的需求、解决街道办和居委会的发展难题、促进社会稳定发展;间接动因包括政策文件的规定、信息技术的推动和社区社会组织的发展壮大。

In recent years, the state has attached great importance to community governance, and has continuously introduced relevant policies to provide a good policy environment for community governance innovation. On the basis of sorting out 55 community governance innovation cases selected by the Ministry of Civil Affairs from 2013 to 2015, the theoretical framework and the analysis framework of innovation motivation of community governance are constructed on the basis of rational choice institutionalism and institutional change dynamics theory. According to the indirect motivation and the type of income, the community governance innovation is divided into six categories: pressure conduction type, rule of law protection type, demand response type, contradiction response type, resident promotion type and technology driven type, and analyze the related factors that promote community governance innovation from the perspectives of direct motivation and indirect motivation. The direct drivers include the pressure from local government competition and the increase of financial input, and the innovation of community governance can meet the increasingly diversified needs of community residents and solve the development problems of neighborhood offices and neighborhood committees, promote the stable development of society;indirect causes include the provisions of policy documents, the promotion of information technology and the development of community social organizations.