清代赋学特征三论

On the Characteristics of Fu Studies in Qing Dynasty

明清时期,辞赋虽未如诗文及戏曲形成地域流派,但出现了一些以地域命名的赋集,赋学研究及赋学主张中也贯穿着地域意识。清代赋学具有鲜明的特征,一方面,由于律赋是科考尤其是翰林院考试的主要文体,赋学教育普及至家塾层级,对赋法的探究更为用心,使得赋法趋于精细;另一方面,由于种种原因,律赋又有疏离科举的趋势,于是之前被禁止的文体、内容乃至风格都被纳入其中,形成了文体的错位,产生了别样的美学意趣。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although Ci and Fu did not form a regional genre like poetry and drama, its regionalization tendency was strengthened, and some Fu collections named after regions appeared. The research and proposition of Fu were permeated with regional consciousness. On the one hand, as the main style of scientific research, especially the Hanlin Academy examination, the Fu education in the Qing dynasty was popularized to the level of family private schools, and the study of Fu method was more careful, making the Fu method more refined. On the other hand, due to various reasons, there is a trend of alienation from imperial examinations, so previously prohibited style, contents and even manners have been incorporated into the Fu, resulting in a dislocation of styles and aesthetic interest.