基于热环境优化的粤港澳大湾区城市新中心区绿化布局形式模拟研究

Simulation Study on the Greening Layout in the New Urban Center of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on Thermal Environment Optimization

采取积极措施、主动适应气候变化是粤港澳大湾区创新绿色低碳发展模式的重要内容之一。在湾区城市群快速发展的背景下,城市中心区将迎来新一轮的规划与建设发展,其室外热环境的优化显得极为重要。绿化要素对城市局地微气候起重要的影响作用,通过对工况进行ENVI-met模拟,分析绿地类型、绿化形式和绿地布局对局地热环境的影响。研究发现,不改变绿地率的情况下,绿地类型对街坊整体热环境的影响最大,绿地中乔木率每增加50%,日平均热岛和日SET*平均降低0.05℃和0.15℃;在布局上绿地应避免过度集中在建筑群内侧形成的日影区,而应尽量成线状相对分散布置,应尽量布置在高层建筑群外侧的日照区。根据研究结论对实际案例采取热环境优化措施,并通过模拟对比,证明通过对景观要素的调整,确实更有利于改善街坊热环境,对局地微气候起一定的补偿作用。

Taking active measures to adapt to climate change is one of the important contents of innovating green and low-carbon development mode in Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In the context of rapid development of urban agglomerations in the bay area, the urban center will usher in a new round of planning and construction development, and the optimization of its outdoor thermal environment is extremely important. Greening elements play an important role in urban local microclimate. ENVI-met simulation is carried out on working conditions to analyze the impact of greening type, greening form and greening layout on microclimate. It is found that without changing the green land rate, the green space type has the greatest influence on the overall thermal environment of the neighborhood, with the increase of 50% tree rate in the green space, the daily average heat island and daily SET* decrease by 0. 05 ℃ and 0. 15 ℃ on average. In the layout, the green space should avoid excessive concentration in the sunshade area formed on the inside of the building complex, but should be arranged in the sunshine area outside the high-rise building complex as far as possible. According to the research conclusion, the thermal environment optimization measures are adopted for the actual cases. Through simulation and comparison, it is proved that the adjustment of landscape elements is indeed more conducive to improving the thermal environment.