从观念到实践:非物质文化遗产的“生活世界”与生活化传承

From Concept to Practice: The “Life World” and Everyday Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage

生活世界是一个本真的、意义的、生态的文化世界,为我们洞见人与文化提供深广的视域。非物质文化遗产的生活世界有三种特质:是以人为中心的属人世界,是历史片段被客观化了的主观的意义的世界,是具有生态文化特质的综合体。非物质文化遗产保护要以保护其文化生态为出发点,修复其作为文化特质综合体的内部世界及其与外部生活世界的关系,实现其再生活化,方法包括创造生活功用链、创造生活休闲链、创造审美消费链、创造教育认知链、激活主体利益链五种。生活化传承是在非物质文化遗产“后保存”阶段,立足文化现代化、多元化发展立场提出的,是对非物质文化遗产基于自然、起于功用、本于道德、通往天地特质的尊重和弘扬。

The life world is a cultural world which is authentic and meaningful and it provides us profound perspective to have an insight into people and culture. There are three characteristics of the life world of intangible cultural heritage. The first is the people - centered human world, the second is the subjective and meaningful world which is the objectified historical fraction, and the third is the integration of ecological culture. The protection of intangible cultural heritage begins with the protection of its cultural ecology and it is necessary to restore the relationship between the inner world of the cultural characteristic integration and the external world. In this way, it is possible to realize the vitalization. The ways to do this include creating life function chain, creating life leisure chain, creating aesthetic consumption chain, creating educational recognition chain, and activating subjective benefit chain. Everyday inheritance is proposed based on cultural modernity and diverse development in the " post - preservation" stage of intangible cultural heritage. Furthermore , it is a respect and promotion of the characteristic of intangible cultural heritage which respects the nature , originates from function, grows from ethics and goes towards sky and earth.