纤维织物增强三元乙丙橡胶绝热材料的制备及性能

Fabrication and Performances of Fabrics Reinforced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Insulations

为了改善传统短切纤维增强复合绝热材料横向性能较差、层间剪切强度较低、耐冲击性能不足的问题,制备了几种纤维织物增强三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)复合绝热材料。研究了不同纤维表面改性方法对聚酰亚胺(PI)、芳纶(F-12)和碳纤维(CF)三种纤维织物与EPDM之间的界面粘接性能。将优选的纤维处理方法对三种纤维布进行表面改性处理,制备了纤维织物增强的EPDM复合材料。测试了其力学性能以及耐烧蚀性能。结果表明:三种绝热材料的拉伸强度均在30 MPa以上,耐烧蚀性能优异。在三种织物特定的编织结构条件下,PI/EPDM的线烧蚀率较小,碳层保留最为完整,综合性能最为优异,有望在高性能固体火箭发动机中获得应用。

Conventional chopped fiber reinforced insulations have poor lateral properties,low interlaminar shear strength,and insufficient impact resistance. We prepared several fabric reinforced ethylene-propylene-diene monomer(EPDM)insulations. The effects of methods of fiber surface modification on the adhesion properties between EPDM and fabrics including polyimide(PI),aramid(F-12)and carbon fiber(CF)was investigated. We choose preferred fiber treatment methods to modify the fabrics andfabricate several fabric reinforced EPDM insulations. The mechanical properties and ablation resistance of the insulations were characterized by tensile strength,elongation at break and linear ablation.The results show that the tensile strength of the insulations are all above 30 MPa,and the ablation resistance is excellent.Under the three fabric-specific woven structures,PI/EPDM has lower ablation rate,the most complete carbon layer retention,so PI/EPDM is expected to be used in high-performance solid rocket motors.