四川马尔康甲扎尔甲山洞窟壁画材料耐水性试验研究

Experimental Study on Material Water-resistance of the Cave Mural in Jiazhaerjia Mountain,Sichuan Province

为了解甲扎尔甲山洞窟壁画材料耐水性,从验证性试验的角度对壁画地仗层样品在静水浸没条件下的崩解特征进行了研究。结果表明:壁画材料在静水浸没条件下均会发生不同程度的崩解,大多数样品耐水性差,一段时间内(120 min)部分崩解,少数样品耐水性极差,短时间内(不足60 min)完全崩解;样品崩解过程大致可分为开始期、发生期、结束期三个阶段,发生期的崩解具有间歇性或突发性;样品耐水性分化的成因与壁画结构特征和制作材料方面的差异性直接相关。可见该壁画水下原址保护的建议措施不可行,设计的试验方案兼具定量化和动态性的特点,在岩土类文物保护研究中对于水稳定性较差材料的耐水性评价具有一定应用前景。

In order to ascertain material water-resistance of the cave mural in Jiazhaerjia mountain,the disintegration characteristics of ground layer sample is researched under the condition of still water immersion through proof test.The result shows that all samples could disintegrate in different degrees.Most samples with poor water-resistance disintegrate partly in a period of time.A few samples with especially poor water-resistance disintegrate fully in a short period of time.Disintegration process can be roughly divided into initial period,occurrence period and end period.The samples disintegrate intermittently or suddenly in occurrence period.The difference of water-resistance is directly related to structure feature and material composition.So the proposed measure of mural protected at original site in water is not feasible.The test scheme with quantitative and dynamic feature has certain application prospect for material water-resistance test in rock and soil cultural relic conservation.