相同强度的臀推和前蹲练习对下肢速度和爆发力的即刻影响

Immediate Effects of Hip Push and Squat Exercises of the Same Intensity on Speed and Explosive Force of Lower Limbs

目的:探讨相同负荷强度的臀推和前蹲练习对20m冲刺速度、纵跳摸高、立定跳远的影响。方法:对招募的25名北京体育大学田径专项男性大学生进行负重半蹲1RM测试,符合1RM/体重>2标准的作为最终的受试者。以臀推和前蹲的1RM测试成绩的90%为练习负荷强度,分别测定90%1RM臀推和前蹲练习前后20m冲刺、纵跳摸高、立定跳远成绩。结果:①90%1RM臀推练习后20m冲刺成绩,以及0—10m、0—20m的分段速度显著高于练习前(P<0.05);②90%1RM前蹲练习后纵跳摸高成绩显著高于90%1RM臀推练习后的成绩(P<0.05);③90%1RM臀推练习与90%1RM前蹲练习对立定跳远成绩的影响没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:90%1RM臀推练习能够显著提高速度、爆发力成绩;90%1RM前蹲练习对纵跳摸高的影响更为显著;两种练习对立定跳远的影响无明显差异。

Objective:To explore the effects of hip push and squat exercise with the same load intensity on 20-meter sprint speed,vertical jump touch height and standing long jump.Methods:a total of 25 male college students specialized in track and field in Beijing Sport University were recruited.They were loaded and tested with semi-squatted 1RM.Those in line with 1RM>weight>2 standard were chosen as the final subjects.Taking 90%of the results of 1RM test of hip push and squat as exercise load intensity,the results of 20-m sprint,vertical jump touch and standing long jump before and after were measured respectively.Result:①The sprint performance of 20-m after 90%1RM hip push and the speed of 0-10 m and 0-20 m segments were significantly higher than those before exercise(P<0.05);②the result of vertical jump after 90%1RM squat exercise was significantly higher than that after 90%1RM hip push exercise(P<0.05);③the effect of 90%1RM hip push exercise and 90%1RM squat exercise on the result of standing long jump was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:90%1RM hip push exercise can significantly improve speed and explosive performance;90%1RM squat exercise has more significant effect on vertical jump touch height;there is no significant difference between the two exercises on standing long jump.