危险固体废弃物无害化处置技术探讨

Discussion on innocuous disposal technology of hazardous solid waste

根据国内外使用和控制危险固体废弃物的现状,联合分析了四种无害环境处置技术的特性、范围和优势。通过稳定固化、碳酸盐、气化等离子体和超临界水氧化的形式探讨了危险固体废弃物的处理形式。稳定和固化技术成本较低,耐受性较高,广泛用于处置放射性材料;碳酸盐技术的预成型过程繁琐,对低碳技术产生明显影响。在处置后对重金属进行浸出的氧化工艺以及对等离子气化技术的大量投资在减少低风险废弃物的总污染方面具有显著的优势;超临界水氧化技术的操作成本低,寿命长,在具有潜在危险性的时期内难以分解的持久性有机污染物的分解非常有效。本文从工程和技术方面按类别对危险固体废弃物进行处置,并通过不同的处置技术从而从根本上降低危险固体废弃物无害处置的实际应用。

According to the status quo of the use and control of hazardous solid waste at home and abroad, the characteristics, scope and advantages of four environmentally sound disposal technologies were jointly analyzed. The treatment forms of hazardous solid waste were discussed in the form of stable solidification, carbonate, gasification plasma and supercritical water oxidation. Stabilization and curing techniques are less costly and more tolerant and are widely used for the disposal of radioactive materials;the preforming process of carbonate technology is cumbersome and has a significant impact on low carbon technologies. The oxidation process for leaching heavy metals after disposal and the large investment in plasma gasification technology have significant advantages in reducing the total pollution of low-risk waste;supercritical water oxidation technology has low operating cost and long life, and has potential Decomposition of persistent organic pollutants that are difficult to decompose during a hazardous period is very effective. This paper treats hazardous solid waste by engineering and technical aspects, and through different disposal techniques, fundamentally reduces the practical application of hazardous solid waste disposal.