二语显性和隐性知识测量方法新进展

New Advancement in the Measurement of L2 Explicit and Implicit Knowledge

显性和隐性知识是二语习得和外语教学研究的热点话题。以往研究中,学者们使用不同的测量方法对其加以测量,然而这些测量方法在效度方面尚存不足,这势必在一定程度上影响研究结果的准确性与可信度。文章就二语习得领域常用于测量显性和隐性知识的方法及最新发展展开讨论,涉及显/隐性知识的成套测试、嵌入单词监控的诱导模仿任务和视觉—世界任务。通过分析认为,在嵌入单词监控的诱导模仿任务中,诱导模仿测量的是自动化的显性知识,单词监控测量的是隐性知识;视觉—世界任务则能较好地测量隐性知识。

Explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge is a much-researched topic in the studies of second language acquisition and foreign language teaching. A variety of measures have been used to measure the explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge of L1 and L2 speakers. However, deficiency exists in one form or another in the validity of these measures, which undoubtedly would influence the accuracy and reliability of research findings. Some common measures of explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge are discussed in this article, encompassing the test battery developed by R. Ellis,the elicited imitation embedded with a word-monitoring task, and the visualworld task. It is suggested that in the elicited imitation embedded with a word-monitoring task,the elicited imitation task proper measures automatized explicit knowledge, and the word-monitoring task measures implicit knowledge;and that the visual-world task serves as a better measure of implicit knowledge.