扶贫小额信贷、农户收入与反贫困绩效

Poverty-alleviating Microcredit,Farmer Income,and Anti-poverty Performance

为了解决贫困户发展中的融资难问题,促进贫困人口脱贫致富,国务院扶贫办会同有关部门针对建档立卡贫困户出台了扶贫小额信贷特惠政策。扶贫小额信贷究竟能否达到减贫增收的目的?利用扶贫小额信贷的微观数据,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和OLS回归模型考察扶贫小额信贷对贫困户增收的影响。研究发现,扶贫小额信贷促进了贫困户增收,尤其是女性及有资金需求的贫困户贷款者的增收效果。但是,随着时间的推移,扶贫小额信贷对贫困户增收的边际效应在减弱,这表明扶贫小额信贷的减贫作用有限。因此,还需要不断完善配套机制,通过成立农民专业合作社、发展农业保险、加强农户技能培训等,助力扶贫小额信贷持续增效,促进贫困户增收,实现全面小康目标。

To resolve the funding difficulties in the development of poor households and lift the poverty-stricken population out of their predicament,China’s State Council Office for Poverty Alleviation and other relevant departments have introduced preferential policies of microcredit aimed at registered poverty-stricken households. Can providing this type of microcredit reduce poverty and increase income? Using micro-data from 2013 to 2018 on poverty-alleviating microcredit,the propensity score matching method,and the OLS regression model,this study investigates the effects of this microcredit on the income growth of poor households. It has been found that such microcredit has increased the income of poor households,providing special benefits for women and impoverished household borrowers needing access to funding. However,with the lapse of time,the marginal effect of poverty-alleviating microcredit on the income growth of poor households weakens,which indicates that the poverty-eradicating effect of such microcredit is limited. Therefore,it is necessary to consistently make improvements in a supporting mechanism,so as to boost the efficiency of poverty-alleviating microcredit,increase the income of poor households,and achieve the goal of a comprehensive well-off society through the establishment of professional farmers’ cooperatives,the development of agricultural insurance,and the strengthening of farmers’ skills training,among others.