西汉北地郡灵州、方渠除道地望考证——以张家山汉简《秩律》为中心

The Locations of Lingzhou County and Fangquchu Road in the Western Han Dynasty——Focusing on the Zhilü from the Zhangjiashan Han Dynasty Slips

学界普遍认为隋唐灵州建置起源为西汉北地郡灵州县。本文梳理传世文献,同时利用张家山汉简《二年律令·秩律》所见地理信息,辅以实地考察,指出汉代灵州县在今甘肃省环县曲子镇,与隋唐灵州无关。而北地郡方渠除道的方位也需要重新思考,综合各种因素,其位于今甘肃省环县环城镇的可能性较大。在未来的秦汉城邑定位研究中,应该更加重视张家山汉简《秩律》的学术价值。

It is generally believed that the establishment of Lingzhou in the Sui and Tang dynasties began in Lingzhou County at the Beidi Commandery of the Western Han dynasty. By sorting through historical documents and by using the geographical information contained in Zhilü( Statutes on Salaries) from the Zhangjiashan Han dynasty slips, this paper argues that Lingzhou County was located in Quzi Town, Huan County, Gansu Province during the Han dynasty, and that its establishment is unrelated to the Lingzhou of the Sui and Tang dynasties. However, the location of Fangquchu Road in the Beidi Commandery also requires reconsideration. Taking all relevant factors into consideration, it appears that Lingzhou of the Sui and Tang dynasty was likely located in Huancheng town, Huan county, Gansu Province. Future research on the location of cities of the Qin and Han dynasties should pay more attention to the academic value of Statutes on Salaries from the Zhangjiashan Han dynasty slips.