运河清江闸、龙汪闸名称考辨

Textual Research on the Names of Qingjiang Gate and Lóngwāng Gate on the Grand Canal

运河清江闸的兴建与运作,不仅有利于漕粮运输,而且促进了清江浦城的兴起与发展。清江闸的别称龙王闸(龙汪闸),大约出现于康熙十三年至十七年或十八年间,至乾隆三年恢复清江闸的称谓,地方志所载乾隆四年不准确。淮安境内的龙汪闸不止一处,明万历间所建永济河上的龙汪闸,实为《明会典》将龙江闸误载所致。龙汪闸又名龙王闸,当是清江闸先更名龙王闸,希望利用龙王信仰的力量震慑多发的水患,后来才俗称龙汪闸,二者可相互替用,但龙汪闸更普遍。厘清清江闸、龙汪闸的名称,还有助于河工地图的年代判读。

The construction and operation of Qingjiang Gate on the Grand Canal, was conducive not only to grain transportation but also to the rise and development of Qingjiangpu. It began to be called Lóngwāng Gate from about the thirteenth to seventeenth or eighteenth year of Kangxi, but reverted to its former name in the third year(inaccurately recorded by the local chronicle as in the fourth year), of Qianlong. There is more than one Lóngwāng Gate in Huai’an. The one on the Yongji River, built during the reign of Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty, is actually Longjiang Gate misreported by Minghuidian. Lóngwāng Gate is also known as Lóngwáng Gate. The latter name substituted Qingjiang Gate, the original name, most possibly in the hope of controlling floods by assuming the power of the Dragon King, the god of rains. Later, it was vulgarized as Lóngwāng Gate. The two names are used alternatively, but Lóngwāng Gate is the more popular one. The clarification of the names of Qingjiang Gate and Lóngwāng Gate will help in the dating of river maps.